Wind Energy Potential in Pakistan

Solar Radiation Map of Pakistan

Why does hot weather cause power outages?

Why does hot weather cause power outages?

July 19, 2013 — Why is the power grid so sensitive to high temperatures? It's quite simple really. First, we certainly love our air conditioners, and air conditioners demand a lot of power. Second, power is generated at only a few places in the country, and yet our air-conditioned homes and businesses and factories are everywhere.

Transmission lines have to carry power from these relatively few power injection points to all these different destinations. Transmission lines, however, are just wires, and they have limited capacity. In fact, their capacity actually goes down when it's hot. This is worsened by the fact that, when a transmission line is carrying a lot of power, it heats up. The metal conductor in the line expands, causing the line to droop. If the line droops too much, it makes contact with foliage on the ground, resulting in a short circuit and an end to that line's ability to carry power. With that line now out of service, other lines have to pick up the slack, but they, too, become overloaded and prone to the same problem. Furthermore, as the amount of power these lines carry grows, so does the amount of power lost through them due to heat, as well as the amount of "magnetic loss," which we call reactive power.

As reactive power is expended at a fast clip on these heavily loaded lines, it can no longer do what it is intended to do, which is to keep our voltages at their designed level. As the amount of reactive power falls, so do voltages. When the voltages fall below what they're supposed to be, the lights in our home dim, our appliances run at speeds that cause wear and tear on their motors, and our air conditioners begin to pose an even greater burden on the system.

In other words, there are some rather nasty feedback mechanisms that take place that cause the grid a lot of stress when we all turn our air conditioners on. Power system operators traditionally have had a very limited number of controls to counteract these bad behaviors.

Fortunately, the Smart Grid is giving operators a lot more opportunities to keep a weakened grid from falling apart. The Smart Grid is a national effort to modernize the electrical grid by adding lots of automatic, computerized controls to it. Some of these controls can actually communicate with each other autonomously, making decisions in real time without operator intervention. Some of the controls can actually be used to throttle individual customers' energy use (provided they've contractually agreed to participate in such an action) to reduce demand in one area so that other areas can remain safe. Other controls help add renewable sources such as wind and solar power to more traditional electrical sources like coal and natural gas and nuclear.

Local solar and wind capacity can be used to provide some of the demands of a region, reducing the load on the broader grid. Finally, devices called synchrophasor measurement units give operators who work to ensure that the entire grid remains intact up-to-the-microsecond, GPS-synchronized data about what's happening on the grid over hundreds of miles. That big-picture perspective gives operators and the automated equipment they depend an unprecedented view of emerging problems before they spread.

Contact Details

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Latest

Developing world may overtake West in green energy stakes - Business News | Latest News Stories | The Irish Times - Mon, Jul 22, 2013

Hydro-electric: accounted for 26 per cent of new renewable capacity in 2012

http://www.irishtimes.com/business/developing-world-may-overtake-west-in-green-energy-stakes-1.1468997

Electrical Drives (VFDs/VCDs)

The 60% of the world’s generated energy are consumed in the rotating machines and more than 90% of these machines are induction machines. The induction machines consume more of the world’s generated electricity than any other piece of electrical equipment. In any type of small and large scale industry/manufacturer/plants, motors are vital in the line of production but in most cases it consumes more energy than required. The technology in Power Electronics has now quite matured itself so that to overcome the issues of conventional losses, protection and control. In this aspect the electrical gadgets i.e. Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) or Variable Speed Drive (VSDs) and Vector Control Drives (VCDs) provides energy efficient control of electric motors in applications that include fans, pumps, industrial automation, building services and lifts/elevators. By using these electrical gadgets, it is possible to save a significant amount of electrical energy (depends on each case) without affecting the load performance.

Ahsaas energy offers consultancy in sizing of the drives and also deals in the following;

1. Sunfar E300 Mini-type Integrated Universal Inverter

It is really compact AC in the power range from 0.25 kW to 3.7 kW. Its construction design allows easy integration into any kind of light industries like textiles, and transmission environments. Up to 1000 Hz output frequency is suitable for various high speed applications, such as mill, engraving machine, centrifuge etc.

E300 Special Features;

• Power range: 0.25-3.7KW
• Input voltage range: 220V±15%, 380V±15%
• Output frequency: 0-1000 Hz
• Small physical size
• Side by side installation
• Removable keypad and run without keypad
• E300B series built-in standard RS485 and braking unit
• Convenient maintenance and installation fan
• Isolated cooling duct design to protect PCBs
• Convenient for system integration
• Application programming
• Automatic voltage regulation: Automatically keeps the output voltage stable when input voltage is fluctuating

       2. Sunfar E380 Series Integrated Universal Inverter

The typical application of this series inverter are Pumps and fans, extruders, automatic production line, air conditioners, water pumping, food & confectionery machines, blenders, packing lines, Medical & pharmaceutical machines, belt conveyors, PET/Plastics blow molding machines, Oil pumps, and fountains etc.

E380 Special Features;

• Power range: 1.5 – 400KW
• Input voltage range: 220V±20%,380V±20%,415V±15%
• Removable Dual LED display keypad. Easy for monitoring or copying parameters
• Adopts modular principles in development: Integrated functional modules for draw bench, textile machine and constant pressure water supply
• Completely isolated main circuit and independent cooling duct design ensure the lowest failure rate
• Unique pulse width modulation and adaptive control technology
• Cooling fan On/Off selectable: Reduce energy consumption of inverter
• Built-in PID controller with sleep / wake up functions to maintain a constant pressure, flow and oil level
• Automatic energy saving: Timely adjusts output voltage and slip frequency compensation  to make motor work at the highest efficiency
• Automatic voltage regulation: Automatically keep the output voltage stable when input voltage fluctuating
• RS485 communication supports standard Modbus-RTU protocol
• Support remote operation up to 1000m distance.

3. Sunfar C320 Sensor-less Vector Control Inverter Series 

The application of this VCI series are CNC machines, machine tools, textile, printing & dyeing, chemical, fibers, paper & pulp making, wire drawing, manipulator, solid warehouse, oxygen making machine, air compressors, ceramic industries, Industrial washing machines etc.

C320 Special Features

• Power range: 1.5 – 250KW
• Input voltage range: 220V±20%,380V±20%,415V±15%
• Removable Dual LED display keypad. Easy for monitoring and parameters copy
• Reliable,accurate load handling
• Compact size design: All power size are typically 20% smaller
• Built-in smart logic controller
• Real current vector control technology: Generates strong torque at a low speed
• Static and rotation motor parameter auto tune
• Cooling fan On/Off selectable: Reduce energy consumption of inverter
• Built-in PID controller with sleep / wake up functions to maintain a constant pressure,flow and oil level
• Automatic energy saving: Adjust output voltage and slip frequency compensation timely to make motor work at the highest efficiency
• Automatic voltage regulation: Automatically keep the output voltage stable when input voltage fluctuating
• RS485 communication supports standard Modbus-RTU protocol
• Support remote operation up to 1000m distance

           4. Sunfar E780/680 Series Energy Saving Cabinets

The application areas of this series are Injection molding machines, pneumatic compressors, pressing machine, air conditioners etc.

E780/680 Special Features;

• Power range: 7.5 – 110KW
• Input voltage range: 220V±20%,380V±20%,415V±15%
• Strong environmental adaptability: Dust-proof,gas-proof,and corrosive-proof
• Excellent energy saving effect: Up to 60%
• Integrated bypass system to ensure continuous production
• Compact size, easy installation
• Frequency source: Pressure and flow signal comparison output
• No delay for production cycle time because of prompt response
• Speed trace function: Start running motor smoothly
• Support remote operation up to 1000m distance
• Two installation method: wall-mounted or stand on the ground
• Cost effective model available: E680 series is without bypass system

          5. Sunfar C300/C300A Series Mini Type Inverter

The applications are Paper & pulp industries, textiles, printing & dyeing, chemical fibers, wire drawing, manipulators, agitators, solid warehouse, oxygen making machine, pneumatic compressors, ceramic industries, industrial washing machines etc.

C300/C300A Special Features;

• Power range: 0.25 – 3.7KW
• Input voltage range: 220V±20%,380V±20%,415V±15%
• Real current vector control technology: Generates strong torque at a low speed
• Built-in EMC filter
• Static and rotation motor parameter auto tuning
• Traverse control: Offer multiple triangular wave to meet specific demand of textile industry
• Torque control: Offer multi-mode torque setting
• Compact size and simple operation
• Cooling fan On/Off selectable: reduce energy consumption of inverter
• Automatic energy saving: adjust output voltage and slip frequency compensation timely to make motor work at the highest efficiency
• Automatic voltage regulation: automatically keep the output voltage stable when input voltage fluctuating
• Cost effective model for simple application: C300A series is without RS485 and braking unit.

          6. M320 Series Special Inverter for Plastic Machines

The applications are Plastic machine,Other machines with light load,etc.

M320 Special Features;                        

• Power range: 1.5 – 90KW
• Input voltage range: 220V±20%,380V±20%,415V±15%
• Adjust speed smoothly and efficiently
• Remain stability at low speed
• Low start current,smallest impact to the whole system and main supply
• Outstanding energy saving effect: More than 30%

          7. H320 Series High Speed Inverter

The applications of this inverter are in High speed spinning machines, machine tools applications and many more.

H320 Special Features;

• Power range: 0.75 – 18.5KW
• Input voltage range: 220V±20%,380V±20%,415V±15%
• Output frequency: 0 – 2500Hz
• Unique software design to achieve lowest noise level
• 1 – 15KHz carrier frequency
• Cooling fan On/Off selectable: Reduce energy consumption of inverter
• Automatic energy saving: Adjust output voltage and slip frequency compensation timely to make motor work at the highest efficiency
• Automatic voltage regulation: Automatically keeps the output voltage stable when input voltage is fluctuating
• RS485 communication supports standard Modbus-RTU protocol

         8. Multi Pump Constant Pressure Water Supply Control Unit

The application of this device are in Water supply pumping, pneumatic compressors, central air conditioning, oil pumping, waste water treatment, storm drainage etc.

Special Features

• Control up to 5 different pumps automatically with E380 series inverter
• Timing switchover function: Prevent pump from rust, balance every pump lifetime
• Energy saving function: Stop automatically when flow is smaller
• Timing control: Set six pressure reference in specific time period
• Over pressure/under pressure alarm, record the faulty pump and switch the spare pump automatically

LED and LVD Lighting

To lower down the energy consumption of any lighting places, comparing with conventional lighting now LED and LVD lights plays a very important role because these technologies are now well developed and a variety of different types of designs with high luminance are also available.

LED Lights

Following are some aesthetic designs of LED lights which are not only suitable for the commercial & residential places but it is also energy efficient up to 65% with long life;

LED Bulbs

LED Spot Lights

LED Panel and tube lights

LED Ceiling lights

Benefits of LED lights

•        50, 000 hours of lifetime
•          Power factor of 0.98
•          The Color Rendering Index (CRI) > 80
•          1 year of warranty

LVD lights

From Shanghai Hongyuan, these highly efficient energy saving lamps are also known as LVD lamps. Comparatively with CFLs (energy savers) these LVD lamps has an efficiency of 98-99% with high luminance.

This new lighting technology has less maintenance fee and lower energy consumption and also it has higher lighting quality. These LVD lamps have lifetime of 100,000 hours with 5 years of warranty.

Ahsaas energy deals in the following LVD lighting

Wind Energy Systems

Like most terrestrial energy sources wind energy comes from the Sun. It is due to the reason that solar heating of the earth creates variations in temperature and air pressure. The earth wind systems are air masses that are moving around as a result of pressure variation.

Wind energy is clean, abundant and inexhaustible fuel. It is one of the cheapest of the renewable technologies and now become competitive with gas, new clean coal fired power stations and cheapest than nuclear power. By further diversifying the energy mix, wind energy reduces dependence on conventional fuels that are subject to price and supply volatility. Wind energy can also reduce significantly the requirement of obtaining fuels from abroad and hence lessening dependence on foreign governments that supply these fuels.

Ahsaas Energy offers consultancy in a wide range of power levels which can fit into the domestic, agriculture and light industry. Following are the areas where we offer services;

1.       Small, medium and large scale wind turbines

2.       Turnkey  wind power solutions

3.       Wind-Solar Hybrid inverters

4.       Grid tied Inverter

Following are the capacities in wind turbines which can fit to many applications;

·         500 watts

·         1000 watts

·         2000 watts

·         3000 watts

·         5000 watts

·         10000 watts

·         20000 watts

Solar Water Pumps / Tube wells

In remote areas especially villages where water is required for the irrigation purposes, the electricity faced tremendous frequent outages and load shedding. To overcome this problem solar water pumps are the best solution for water pumping & irrigation in remote villages. By utilizing the solar energy, reliable supply of water can be achieved for longer duration to electrify the tube wells with surface and submersible pumps.

Ahsaas energy offers any kind of design of solar water pumping system for domestic and as well as large scale supply of water like for a whole village by using an off grid PV powered solar pumping system. Following are few types of solar water pumps;

·         Lorentz Surface solar water pumps

Lorentz PS boost: vane type, lift up to 120 m & flow rates up to 0.9 m3/h

Lorentz PS-CS: Centrifugal solar pump designed for swimming pool filtration and recirculation, filter installation, solar thermal collector for flow rates up to 36 m3/h.

Lorentz PSk-CS: Vertical multi stage pumps designed to efficiently delivers the highest volumes of water from a solar power for flow rates up to 260 m3/h.

·         Solar tube wells - Lorentz Submersible solar water pumps

Lorentz PS1800: Lift up to 250 m, flow rates up to 51 m3/h, 72-96 V DC.

Lorentz PS4000: : Lift up to 350 m, flow rates up to 70 m3/h, 168-192 V DC.

Lorentz PSk 9k 15k 21k: : Lift up to 160 m, flow rates up to 130 m3/h.

·         Other Applications

Livestock watering, gardening, farming and irrigation.

Agricultural products fumigator, thrashing machines and water sprayer.

Oxygen filling system for fish-farming and insect trapped lighting.

Solar Energy Systems

Solar energy is the source of renewable energies (e.g. wind, hydro, wave, biomass etc.), it is clean (means no CO2 emission) and inexhaustible source of energy but utilizing the solar energy from the sun is highly depends on time, location and weather conditions. The comparison of energy resources worldwide can be seen in shown figure.

Solar Power or Photovoltaic (PV) System

Photovoltaic (PV) or solar cells are devices which converts solar energy (sunlight) directly into electricity. Although the efficiency of the solar cells or modules depends on which type of Silicon PV cell/module like Mon-crystalline/poly-crystalline/Amorphous/multi-crystalline are considered but the conversion efficiency of the solar cells reaches 15%.  

In the design of the solar power system, Ahsaas energy offers services in the following;

           1.  Grid connected domestic and industrial solar power systems

           2. Standalone solar power system for;

·         Rural electrification and remote villages

·         Medical units in the remote areas

·         Microwave/radio repeater station

·         Illuminated road sig & railway crossing sign

·         Homes and summer huts

·         Solar small-scale desalination plant

·         Residential indoor and outdoor lighting, electrical equipment, electric gate opener, security system, ventilation, water pump/ filter and emergency light, etc.

3. Solar Powered Lighting

·         Bus stop lighting, billboard lighting, parking lot lighting, garden lighting, solar lanterns, solar tracking system, and solar street lighting, etc.

4. Solar Powered medical clinics

·         Cooling or refrigeration of the medicines and medical equipment

5. Electrification of the rural or remote areas

·         Islands, villages, hills, forests and those areas where utility grids connections are not available.

Solar Thermal Systems

Solar thermal systems consist of solar thermal collectors which are special heat exchanger that transform solar radiation into internal energy (heat) of the transport medium.

Although solar water heating systems are available for many applications but Ahsaas energy offers services in the following;

1. Pressurized and non-pressurized solar water heaters both for domestic & industrial heating.

     2. Solar water heating for swimming pools and solar ponds.